Alcohol abuse is the excessive use of alcohol relative to one’s social, psychological, and physical well-being. Alcohol dependence—a more serious disorder that affects both the body and mind—is a hallmark of alcoholism. Uncontrolled drinking causes long-term harm to an alcoholic’s health, social and family relationships, and profession. In real life, it might be difficult to tell the difference between alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are widespread issues that are getting worse, particularly among young people. Men are almost four times as likely as women to be alcoholics.

Alcohol drinking in moderation and on occasion is not harmful to health. Scientific studies have confirmed that modest, consistent red wine consumption can lower the risk of heart disease. With this, one should not ignore the early signs of liver damage from alcohol.

Who is at risk for alcohol misuse and alcoholism, and why?

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism do not simply result from drinking because only 10% of those who consume alcohol go on to develop the disease. The biological children of alcoholics are significantly more likely to become alcoholics than children who are adopted into alcoholic families, suggesting that there is likely a genetic component at play.

Even so, social factors that are most probable ‘triggers’ for alcohol misuse and alcoholism, such as dissatisfying home life, the need to manage anxiety, interpersonal issues, low

self-esteem, peer pressure, and stress, certainly also play a significant role.

Although many alcoholics engage in self-destructive behaviour and experience loneliness and depression, alcohol misuse and alcoholism are so prevalent that no one personality type is linked to these illnesses.

What are the signs and consequences of alcoholism and alcohol abuse? The following are signs of alcohol abuse:

• Absenting from work due to drinking,
• Having difficulty quitting drinking,
• Feeling resentful about drinking,
• Disregarding one’s appearance, and
• Becoming agitated, aggressive, or prone to mood

Alcohol consumption frequently plays a role in unintentional fatalities, auto accidents, violent crimes, vandalism, and suicide.

Binge drinking is yet another serious issue. The drinker may go dry for weeks or even months before going on a binge and being utterly wasted for a few days. Problem drinking of this kind is frequently, but not always, alcoholism.